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The use of wires and cables seems simple, but in practice, many users are prone to fall into several common misunderstandings due to lack of professional knowledge, which not only affects electricity safety, but may also lay hidden fire hazards.
This is the most common and dangerous misunderstanding. Some users only choose wires and cables with prices significantly lower than the market price to save money. Such products are often produced by small workshops, cutting corners on material selection, for example, using inferior copper materials (high impurities, high resistance), insufficient insulation layer thickness or mixed with recycled materials, and even deliberately under-measuring the length. This kind of inferior cable generates severe heat after being energized, and the insulation layer is prone to aging and cracking, which can easily cause short circuits and fires. According to relevant statistics, a considerable proportion of electrical fires are related to the use of unqualified wires and cables. Safety is no trivial matter. Never only look at the price when purchasing.
Different occasions have completely different performance requirements for cables. For example, the temperature in front of the steelmaking furnace in a steel plant is as high as 800 to 900 degrees Celsius. If ordinary rubber-sheathed flexible cables are used, the sheath will be scorched quickly; flame-retardant cables must be used in underground coal mines, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable once a fire breaks out; high-rise buildings, computer centers, public entertainment places and other densely populated areas must use flame-retardant or fire-resistant cables with fire protection functions. Some users have insufficient understanding of the usage environment and select types arbitrarily, resulting in the cable failing quickly in high temperature, humid, corrosive or flammable environments, causing economic losses and safety accidents.
This is a common cognitive deviation. The thickness of the cable insulation layer has strict national standards, and it is not the case that the thicker the better. Excessively thick insulation layer will make it difficult for the cable to dissipate heat, and the accumulated heat will instead accelerate insulation aging, shorten the service life, and even cause short circuits in severe cases. A qualified cable has a uniform and pure insulation layer, which can meet both electrical insulation and heat dissipation requirements.
Many people worry that wires and cables will generate radiation and endanger health. In fact, the electromagnetic field intensity generated by working wires and cables is extremely low, far lower than that of daily electrical appliances such as mobile phones and microwave ovens, and its impact on human health is negligible. The Earth itself is a huge magnetic field, and the magnetic field generated by cables is insignificant compared with it. This worry is completely unnecessary.
Flame-retardant cables and fire-resistant cables are often collectively referred to as fire-resistant cables, but neither of them is "non-combustible". The feature of flame-retardant cables is that they can prevent the spread of flame when encountering fire and extinguish themselves after leaving the fire source; fire-resistant cables can still maintain normal power supply for a certain period of time under the continuous combustion of flame. Their function is to win time for escape and rescue, rather than being absolutely non-combustible.
In home decoration, some construction teams put power cords, network cables, telephone lines, etc. into the same junction box or conduit, which will cause mutual signal interference and unstable network. Standard wiring should separate strong and weak current circuits and keep a certain distance. In addition, wires must be protected by conduits, and it is strictly forbidden to bury them directly in the wall, otherwise they are easily bitten off by rats or short-circuited due to moisture.
Summary: The key to avoiding these misunderstandings is to purchase qualified products, select the correct type according to the environment, carry out standardized construction and installation, and conduct regular inspection and maintenance.
